Sun的doc里其实说明还有其他的用法：

exec(String[] cmdarray, String[] envp, File dir)Executes the specified command and arguments in a separate process with the specified environment and working directory.

那个dir就是调用的程序的工作目录，这句其实还是很有用的。

Windows下调用程序

Process proc =Runtime.getRuntime().exec("exefile");

Linux下调用程序就要改成下面的格式

Process proc =Runtime.getRuntime().exec("./exefile");

Windows下调用系统命令

String [] cmd={"cmd","/C","copy exe1 exe2"}; Process proc =Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);

Linux下调用系统命令就要改成下面的格式

String [] cmd={"/bin/sh","-c","ln -s exe1 exe2"}; Process proc =Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);

Windows下调用系统命令并弹出命令行窗口

String [] cmd={"cmd","/C","start copy exe1 exe2"}; Process proc =Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);

Linux下调用系统命令并弹出终端窗口就要改成下面的格式

String [] cmd={"/bin/sh","-c","xterm -e ln -s exe1 exe2"};Process proc =Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);

还有要设置调用程序的工作目录就要

Process proc =Runtime.getRuntime().exec("exeflie",null, new File("workpath"));

最后，封装工具类

package com.xxx.util;import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;import java.io.*;/** * @author yc * @date 2019/5/15 */public class ShellUtil {    /**     * shell命令     *     * @param cmd       命令     * @param directory 工作目录     * @throws Exception return errorMSG     */    public synchronized static String exec(String cmd, File directory) throws Exception {        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();        StringBuffer errLog = new StringBuffer();        String[] param = new String[3];        String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");        if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) {            // 苹果        } else if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) {            // windows            param[0] = "cmd";            param[1] = "/C";            param[2] = "GBK";        } else {            // unix or linux            param[0] = "/bin/sh";            param[1] = "-c";            param[2] = "UTF-8";        }        Process process = runtime.exec(new String[]{param[0], param[1], cmd}, null, directory);        InputStream inputStream = process.getInputStream();        BufferedReader inputStreamReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, param[2]));        InputStream errorStream = process.getErrorStream();        BufferedReader errorStreamReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(errorStream, param[2]));        Thread std = new Thread(() -> {            try {                String line = null;                while ((line = inputStreamReader.readLine()) != null) {                    System.out.println(line);                }            } catch (Exception e) {                errLog.append(e.getMessage());            }        });        Thread err = new Thread(() -> {            try {                String line = null;                while ((line = errorStreamReader.readLine()) != null) {                    errLog.append(line);                }            } catch (Exception e) {                errLog.append(e.getMessage());            }        });        std.start();        err.start();        std.join();        err.join();        process.waitFor();        return errLog.toString();    }}